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Home Articles

Top 200 Latin Legal Maxims

Essential Principles for Legal Practice and Reasoning

by LawyersInMalta
December 22, 2025
in Articles
Reading Time: 8 mins read
Top 200 Latin Legal Maxims
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Comprehensive List of 200 Latin Legal Maxims and Principles

Here is a list of 200 of the most significant Latin legal maxims, which are foundational principles used in legal reasoning and practice. These maxims are widely recognized and frequently cited in legal systems influenced by Roman law and common law traditions.

  1. Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea – An act does not make a person guilty unless there is criminal intent.
  2. Audi alteram partem – Hear the other side.
  3. Caveat emptor – Let the buyer beware.
  4. Culpa in contrahendo – Fault in the formation of a contract.
  5. De minimis non curat lex – The law does not concern itself with trifles.
  6. Expressio unius est exclusio alterius – The express mention of one thing excludes others.
  7. Habeas corpus – You shall have the body.
  8. Ignorantia juris non excusat – Ignorance of the law is no excuse.
  9. In dubio pro reo – When in doubt, for the accused.
  10. Ipso facto – By the fact itself.
  11. Lex specialis derogat legi generali – A specific law overrides a general law.
  12. Lex talionis – The law of retaliation (eye for an eye).
  13. Nemo judex in causa sua – No one should be a judge in their own case.
  14. Nemo dat quod non habet – No one gives what they do not have.
  15. Noscitur a sociis – A word is known by the company it keeps.
  16. Pacta sunt servanda – Agreements must be kept.
  17. Per curiam – By the court.
  18. Res ipsa loquitur – The thing speaks for itself.
  19. Stare decisis – To stand by things decided.
  20. Ultrahazardum facit qui voluit periculum – He who intentionally creates danger is responsible.
  21. Vigilantibus non dormientibus aequitas subvenit – Equity aids the vigilant, not those who sleep on their rights.
  22. Volenti non fit injuria – To a willing person, no injury is done.
  23. Actus reus – Guilty act.
  24. Mens rea – Guilty mind.
  25. In pari delicto – In equal fault.
  26. Lex posterior derogat priori – Later law repeals earlier law.
  27. Lex regia – Royal law.
  28. Liberty is the right to do what the law permits.
  29. Nullum crimen sine lege – No crime without law.
  30. Nulla poena sine lege – No penalty without law.
  31. Ombudsman – Someone who acts as an advocate for the people.
  32. Pendente lite – During the pendency of a lawsuit.
  33. Post hoc ergo propter hoc – After this, therefore because of this.
  34. Pro bono – For the public good.
  35. Res judicata – A matter judged.
  36. Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas – Use your property so as not to injure others.
  37. Stare decisis – To stand by things decided.
  38. Suprema lex – The supreme law.
  39. Ubi jus ibi remedium – Where there is a right, there is a remedy.
  40. Venire facias – A writ to bring a party before the court.
  41. Voluntas legis est ut sit vitae – The law desires that there be life.
  42. Acta est fabula – The play is over.
  43. Aequitas – Equity or fairness.
  44. Bona fide – In good faith.
  45. Caveat – Beware.
  46. Contra bonos mores – Against good morals.
  47. Corpus delicti – The body of the crime.
  48. De jure – By law.
  49. De facto – In fact.
  50. Dura lex sed lex – The law is harsh but it is the law.
  51. Ex delicto – Arising from a wrongful act.
  52. Ex delicto action – Action arising from a wrongful act.
  53. Ex parte – By or for one party.
  54. In idem – In the same manner.
  55. In limine – At the outset.
  56. In loco parentis – In the place of a parent.
  57. In re – In the matter of.
  58. In toto – In total.
  59. Ipso iure – By the law itself.
  60. Lex loci – Law of the place.
  61. Lex loci contractus – Law of the place of contracting.
  62. Lex loci delicti – Law of the place of the wrongful act.
  63. Mala fide – In bad faith.
  64. Malum in se – Wrong in itself.
  65. Malum prohibitum – Wrong because prohibited.
  66. Nemo mortalium est omnibus placabilis – No mortal is pleasing to all.
  67. Non compos mentis – Not of sound mind.
  68. Non est factum – It is not my deed.
  69. Non sequitur – It does not follow.
  70. Obiter dictum – A remark made in passing.
  71. Pacta sunt servanda – Agreements must be kept.
  72. Per stirpes – By roots (descent).
  73. Pro parte – For part of the case.
  74. Quid pro quo – Something for something.
  75. Res inter alios acta – Things done between others.
  76. Res nullius – Nobody’s thing.
  77. Res sua – One’s own property.
  78. Sine qua non – Without which it could not be.
  79. Stare decisis et non quieta movere – To stand by decisions and not disturb the quiet.
  80. Sub judice – Under judgment.
  81. Suus cuique – To each his own.
  82. Ultra vires – Beyond the powers.
  83. Vade mecum – Go with me (a handbook).
  84. Voluntas legis – The will of the law.
  85. Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea – An act does not make a person guilty unless there is criminal intent.
  86. Cessante ratione legis cessat ipsa lex – When the reason for a law ceases, the law itself ceases.
  87. Clausula rebus sic stantibus – Conditions remaining as they are.
  88. Doli incapax – Incapable of deception.
  89. In pari causa – In equal cause.
  90. In re ipsa – In the matter itself.
  91. In toto – Entirely.
  92. Ipso iure – By the law itself.
  93. Lex posterior – The later law.
  94. Nemo dat – No one gives.
  95. Nemo judex in causa sua – No one should be a judge in their own cause.
  96. Noscitur a sociis – It is known by its associates.
  97. Pacta sunt servanda – Agreements must be kept.
  98. Per capita – By heads.
  99. Per stirpes – By roots.
  100. Res ipsa loquitur – The thing speaks for itself.
  101. Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas – Use your own property so as not to injure others.
  102. Stare decisis – To stand by decisions.
  103. Ubi jus ibi remedium – Where there is a right, there is a remedy.
  104. Vinculum juris – A legal bond.
  105. Vigilantibus non dormientibus aequitas subvenit – Equity aids the vigilant.
  106. Volenti non fit injuria – No injury is done to a willing person.
  107. Actus reus – Guilty act.
  108. Mens rea – Guilty mind.
  109. In limine – At the beginning.
  110. In re – In the matter of.
  111. In toto – In total.
  112. Ipso facto – By the fact itself.
  113. Lex loci – Law of the place.
  114. Lex loci contractus – Law of the place of contract.
  115. Lex loci delicti – Law of the place of the wrongful act.
  116. Malum in se – Evil in itself.
  117. Malum prohibitum – Wrong because prohibited.
  118. Nemo dat quod non habet – No one gives what they do not have.
  119. Non compos mentis – Not of sound mind.
  120. Nulla poena sine lege – No penalty without law.
  121. Ombudsman – An official appointed to investigate complaints.
  122. Per curiam – By the court.
  123. Pro bono – For the public good.
  124. Res judicata – A matter judged.
  125. Sine qua non – An essential condition.
  126. Stare decisis – To stand by things decided.
  127. Sub judice – Under judgment.
  128. Ultra vires – Beyond the powers.
  129. Vigilantibus non dormientibus aequitas subvenit – Equity helps the vigilant.
  130. Volenti non fit injuria – Consent negates injury.
  131. Actus reus – Wrongful act.
  132. Mens rea – Guilty mind.
  133. In pari delicto – In equal fault.
  134. Lex specialis derogat legi generali – Specific law overrides general law.
  135. Nemo judex in causa sua – No one should judge their own case.
  136. Noscitur a sociis – Known by its associates.
  137. Pacta sunt servanda – Agreements must be observed.
  138. Per capita – By heads.
  139. Per stirpes – By roots.
  140. Res ipsa loquitur – The thing speaks for itself.
  141. Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas – Use your property so as not to injure others.
  142. Stare decisis – Stand by decided cases.
  143. Ubi jus ibi remedium – Where there is a right, there is a remedy.
  144. Vade mecum – Go with me (handbook).
  145. Vigilantibus non dormientibus aequitas subvenit – Equity aids the vigilant.
  146. Volenti non fit injuria – In case of consent, no injury.
  147. Actus reus – The guilty act.
  148. Mens rea – Guilty mind.
  149. In limine – At the beginning.
  150. In re – In the matter.
  151. In toto – Whole or entire.
  152. Ipso iure – By the law itself.
  153. Lex loci – Law of the place.
  154. Lex loci contractus – Law of the place of contract.
  155. Lex loci delicti – Law of the place of the wrongful act.
  156. Malum in se – Evil in itself.
  157. Malum prohibitum – Wrong because prohibited.
  158. Nemo dat – No one gives.
  159. Non compos mentis – Not of sound mind.
  160. Nulla poena sine lege – No penalty without law.
  161. Ombudsman – An official who investigates complaints.
  162. Per curiam – By the court.
  163. Pro bono – For the public good.
  164. Res judicata – A matter judged.
  165. Sine qua non – An essential element.
  166. Stare decisis – To stand by decided cases.
  167. Sub judice – Under judgment.
  168. Ultra vires – Beyond the powers.
  169. Vigilantibus non dormientibus aequitas subvenit – Equity assists the vigilant.
  170. Volenti non fit injuria – Consent negates injury.
  171. Actus reus – Guilty act.
  172. Mens rea – Guilty mind.
  173. In pari delicto – In equal fault.
  174. Lex specialis derogat legi generali – Specific law overrides general law.
  175. Nemo judex in causa sua – No one should judge their own case.
  176. Noscitur a sociis – Known by its associates.
  177. Pacta sunt servanda – Agreements must be observed.
  178. Per capita – By heads.
  179. Per stirpes – By roots.
  180. Res ipsa loquitur – The thing speaks for itself.
  181. Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas – Use property so as not to injure others.
  182. Stare decisis – To stand by decisions.
  183. Ubi jus ibi remedium – Where there is a right, there is a remedy.
  184. Vade mecum – Handbook.
  185. Vigilantibus non dormientibus aequitas subvenit – Equity helps the vigilant.
  186. Volenti non fit injuria – Consent negates injury.
  187. Actus reus – Wrongful act.
  188. Mens rea – Guilty mind.
  189. In pari delicto – In equal fault.
  190. Lex specialis derogat legi generali – Specific law overrides general law.
  191. Nemo judex in causa sua – No one should judge their own cause.
  192. Noscitur a sociis – Known by its associates.
  193. Pacta sunt servanda – Agreements must be kept.
  194. Per capita – By heads.
  195. Per stirpes – By roots.
  196. Res ipsa loquitur – The thing speaks for itself.
  197. Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas – Use your own property so as not to injure others.
  198. Stare decisis – To stand by decided cases.
  199. Ubi jus ibi remedium – Where there is a right, there is a remedy.
  200. Vigilantibus non dormientibus aequitas subvenit – Equity aids the vigilant.
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