The case concerns Malta’s 2020 investor citizenship framework, formally called “Citizenship by Naturalisation for Exceptional Services by Direct Investment” or NESDI. Under this framework, foreign nationals could apply for Maltese nationality by making substantial pre-determined financial contributions and fulfilling a residency status requirement of 12 or 36 months. This judgment follows the Commission’s long-standing objections to what it calls ‘“golden passport” schemes’, particularly those that grant nationality with minimal integration or connection to the granting state.
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